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Delphine
12-18-2007, 10:07 PM
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Jean Lafitte's Old Absinthe House
Rue Bourbon, New Orleans

http://www.feeverte.net/gallery/thumbnails/abshouse02_th.jpg (http://www.feeverte.net/gallery/images/abshouse02.jpg)

December 17, 2007

Swirl the glass of cloudy liquid, and the delicate aroma of anise and herbs rises above the rim. The first cool sip of absinthe is refreshing, like an herbal spa treatment.

It seems benign enough, especially when compared to the searing chemical-tasting concoctions of Red Bull and vodka served in bars today. But the lore of absinthe -- that it has driven people to hedonism, violence, even madness -- has long made it a rebel's drink.

Known as "the green fairy" or "green muse," it was a favorite drink of Oscar Wilde, Pablo Picasso, Ernest Hemingway and is said to be the reason why Van Gogh cut off his own ear.

Absinthe is back on U.S. liquor store shelves thanks to a change in legislation this year by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB), and it's selling fast. Ed Ledger of Ledger's Liquors in Berkeley says his stock of Lucid absinthe, a 62 percent alcohol French brand that costs more than $65 per bottle, sold out right away.

"It's a common drink, like a digestivo," he says of the verdant tipple. "But it's showing up in all sorts of new cocktails. All the retro cocktails are coming up again."

Ledger still has Kubler, a Swiss absinthe made from an 1863 recipe; and Absente brands in stock, and they're selling well too. He's particularly looking forward to selling the first legal U.S.-distilled absinthe from St. George's Spirits in Alameda. St. George's Spirits, which also distills the popular Hangar One vodka, will sell their absinthe for $75 a bottle. It goes on sale to the public Friday.

Absinthe typically contains extracts from several herbs, including anise, fennel, hyssop, angelica, mint, coriander and the big one: wormwood.

While absinthe's high alcohol content (about 50 percent to 70 percent) might have something to do with its reputation for making drinkers behave erratically, it's the extract of the herb grande wormwood -- or Artemisia absinthium -- that has long been blamed for causing hallucinations and psychotic behavior.

Used for centuries as a digestive aid, Artemisia absinthium oil contains the chemical compound alpha-thujone (as do many other herbs including sage and tarragon), which in large amounts has been shown to cause convulsions in laboratory animals. The extract also adds a distinctive bitter edge to absinthe, something that purists say is critical for a good product.

Concern about thujone levels in absinthe is what led to the 1912 ban of the drink in the United States. Later research has shown that levels of thujone in traditional absinthe recipes are often much lower than was originally thought.

However, in a 2000 study by UC Berkeley researchers Karin Hold, Nilantha Sirisoma, Tomoko Ikeda, Toshio Narahashi and John Casida, it was discovered that alpha-thujone affects a brain receptor that regulates excitation, re-opening the idea that absinthe has calculable effects on the brain. So is drinking absinthe dangerous? According to the Berkeley study, current low levels of thujone in absinthe are of much less toxicological concern than the ethanol content.

"It depends strictly on the concentration of active ingredients," said Casida in a phone interview.

This year the TTB approved the use of the term "absinthe" on the labels of distilled spirits, as long as they are "thujone-free." Based on standards set by the Food and Drug Administration, the TTB considers a product to be "thujone-free" if it contains less than 10 parts per million of thujone. So while the absinthe on local store shelves are technically "thujone-free," there is still some of the compound present, and, according to the Berkeley study, the upper level of the 10 parts per million U.S. standard, could have a discernible effect on the brain.

Will this stop people from trying absinthe? Ledger doubts it.

"People are looking for that Van Gogh experience, with the hallucinations and the high," he says. "I can't say it won't happen. Some of my customers say it does make you feel different, but it could just be all the herbs."



Absinthe: The Green Goddess
By Aleister Crowley
A somewhat poetic description of his experiences with absinthe.

Keep always this dim corner for me, that I may sit while the Green Hour glides, a proud pavine of Time. For I am no longer in the city accursed, where Time is horsed on the white gelding Death, his spurs rusted with blood.

There is a corner of the United States which he has overlooked. It lies in New Orleans, between Canal Street and Esplanade Avenue; the Mississippi for its base. Thence it reaches northward to a most curious desert land, where is a cemetery lovely beyond dreams. Its walls low and whitewashed, within which straggles a wilderness of strange and fantastic tombs; and hard by is that great city of brothels which is so cynically mirthful a neighbor. As Felicien Rops wrote, — or was it Edmond d’Haraucourt? — “la Prostitution et la Mort sont frere et soeur — les fils de Dieu!” At least the poet of Le Legende des Sexes was right, and the psycho-analysts after him, in identifying the Mother with the Tomb. This, then, is only the beginning and end of things, this “quartier macabre” beyond the North Rampart with the Mississippi on the other side. It is like the space between, our life which flows, and fertilizes as it flows, muddy and malarious as it may be, to empty itself into the warm bosom of the Gulf Stream, which (in our allegory) we may call the Life of God.

But our business is with the heart of things; we must go beyond the crude phenomena of nature if we are to dwell in the spirit. Art is the soul of life and the Old Absinthe House is heart and soul of the old quarter of New Orleans.



"While Bourbon may do for a julep, it just
won't do for a real Sazerac."

New Orleans
Sazerac Cocktail

Pack old fashioned glass with ice and add
1 teaspoon of simple syrup
3 - 4 dashes bitters
1 1/2 ounces rye whiskey (most New Orleans bars use Old Overholt, Wild Turkey is quite acceptable)
1 ounce Absinthe
Strip of lemon peel

Dark Skies
12-18-2007, 10:17 PM
Drank Absinthe for the first time around the campfire a couple of summers ago and rather enjoyed it.

Judee
12-18-2007, 10:20 PM
Very interesting and educational Delphine. Thank you.

Nemo
12-19-2007, 12:21 AM
The absinthe that will be sold in US saloons and liquor stores is not the real absinthe because wormwood is not legal here. I forget what the drug is called. However, if you order it on line from the Green Fairy, it is the real thing.

http://www.greenfairy.com.au/img/bottle.jpg

Alpha
12-19-2007, 08:36 AM
Very interesting background Delphine...thanks so much for sharing this. :)

I'm going to check to see if I can get it here....I guess it must be sold somewhere in Canada if Dark Skies has had some.

I'll let you know if I find it.

Darn...I betcha that Green Fairy won't ship to Canada...I'll check it out though ;)

Dark Skies
12-19-2007, 08:55 AM
I'm going to check to see if I can get it here....I guess it must be sold somewhere in Canada if Dark Skies has had some.

It's in virtually every liquor store here but it's up to the owners what they do and don't stock. You could always ask your local store to bring in a bottle for you if you can't find it. I've had booze brought in from overseas that way.

Alpha
12-19-2007, 08:57 AM
It's in virtually every liquor store here but it's up to the owners what they do and don't stock. You could always ask your local store to bring in a bottle for you if you can't find it. I've had booze brought in from overseas that way.

Thanks for the tip Dark Skies...I don't know how flexible the good old LCBO ( Liquor Control Board of Ontario) is with special orders....of course, if I get some, I want the real thing! ;)

Divinorumus
12-19-2007, 09:18 AM
You can order anything online and have it successfully delivered to you if you know where and how to do so. The important thing is to make sure who you order from is reputable and reliable and trustworthy and doesn't give a hoot about the laws of the lands they ship to, ha. There are private forums you can join (usually for a modest fee) to seek and exchange such information. Once you learn the ropes and get to know the players, you can really obtain any darn thing, even really illegal things. Now, I'm not admitting to having ever ordered a long list of experimental plants over the internet some years ago, but I've ordered Everclear over the net because it's illegal here, but I don't care because I don't use it to get drunk, I use it to make medicinal tinctures. The alcohol not only aids in extraction of various plant properties when concocting a potion or special tea, it also helps in absorption of the medicinal properties while holding the slightly diluted tincture in your mouth for as long as you can. Making your own magical potions can be fun.

Dera
12-19-2007, 10:37 AM
When my grandson was a wee toddler, anytime you asked him a question such as would he like to do so and so, go somewhere, eat something, he would say, "Not now, maybe later!" (with echoes of mom's voice).

That is the way I am currently feeling about Absinthe after checking with the "Green Fairy" site, "Not now, maybe later!"

http://www.greenfairy.org/home.php
See details (http://www.greenfairy.org/product.php?productid=2&cat=0&page=1&featured) The Green Fairy (http://www.greenfairy.org/product.php?productid=2&cat=0&page=1&featured)

Highest THUJONE anywhere. This product was designed to fill the demand for high thujone absinthe. Emerald green color.
Very aromatic with a pleasant but very bitter and strong anise and herbal flavor with a smooth texture. Highest Thujone. Unique bottle.

17 fl oz, 73% alc. vol.
Our price: $99.99 (€ 86.99)



Anyhow, anise? Is that Licorice? I hate Licorice! :yuck:

Captain Beyond
12-19-2007, 10:42 AM
Everclear taste about as close as you can get to the real "Moonshine".

Project
12-19-2007, 05:27 PM
The absinthe sold in stores has nothing to do with absinthe. It is a marketing ploy. Read Hemingway for great descriptions of the ritual.

However, wormwood is not hard to procure...

more info:

http://www.erowid.org/plants/wormwood/

Absinth_Wormwood

Grim Jim
12-19-2007, 10:54 PM
Toxin in Absinthe Makes Neurons Run Wild
http://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20000401/a2348_1219.JPG

Corinna Wu

In the late 20th century, espressos and caffe lattes became available on every urban street corner. In late 19th-century Paris, absinthe was the favored drink of artists and writers. Some say addiction to the emerald-green liqueur drove Vincent Van Gogh to take his own life. Edgar Degas, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, and Pablo Picasso all painted absinthe drinkers, capturing both the drink's popularity and its dark side.

Although widely banned, absinthe is still available in some countries. Its drinkers usually dilute the green liqueur with water, turning it milky white.

Doctors at the time recognized that absinthe can cause convulsions, hallucinations, and psychotic behavior. Now, researchers at the University of California, Berkeley and Northwestern University Medical School in Chicago have learned how the drink's toxic component wreaks its neurological effects.

They found that the toxin, alpha-thujone, blocks brain receptors for gamma-aminobutyric acid, or GABA. Without access to GABA, a natural inhibitor of nerve impulses, neurons fire too easily and their signaling goes out of control.

"This paper is very important because it gives the biochemical mechanism for toxicity," says biochemist Wilfred Niels Arnold of the University of Kansas Medical Center in Kansas City.

Berkeley researchers Karin M. Höld, Nilantha S. Sirisoma, and John E. Casida collaborated on the study with Tomoko Ikeda and Toshio Narahashi of Northwestern. The group's results, reported this week at the American Chemical Society meeting in San Francisco, will appear in the April 11 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Scientists had documented thujone's effects by 1916, but "nobody had ever figured out exactly where the toxin was working," says Höld. She and her colleagues conducted tests on fruit flies, mice, and rat neurons to connect alpha-thujone to GABA receptors. They also examined how animals' liver enzymes break down the compound.

Despite doctors' warnings about the dangers of absinthe, the beverage became very popular, especially in France. Between 1905 and 1913, Belgium, Switzerland, the United States, and Italy cracked down, banning the liqueur. France followed in 1915.

In some countries, notably the Czech Republic, absinthe is still available, albeit in a less potent form. Old absinthe contained about 260 parts per million of alpha-thujone, says Arnold. "Present-day absinthe generally has less than 10 parts per million," he says, which is below the maximum concentration permitted by European beverage guidelines. In today's absinthe, "the most toxic compound is the alcohol," quips Arnold.

Alpha-thujone comes from the herb wormwood, which flavors absinthe. Although few people now drink the liqueur, "a lot of herbal preparations are available on-line, and one is wormwood oil," says Höld. People have used this oil since antiquity to treat digestive disorders. The alpha-thujone concentration in the oil is much higher than in absinthe and is a greater potential health concern, says Höld.

Research into absinthe waned after its prohibition, Arnold notes. However, these new results reveal potential uses for alpha-thujone. "A lot of insecticides work on GABA receptors," notes Höld.

Another group at Berkeley is planning to study long-term effects of the compound in rodents, she adds. That work may provide important information for modern-day absinthe drinkers who ingest low toxin doses over a lifetime.



Merck Entry From "The Merck Index" (http://www.tri-esssciences.com/merck_index_bk393.htm)
9533. Thujone.

4-Methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-one; 3-thujanone. .C10H16O; .mol wt 152.24. .C 78.90%, H 10.59%, O 10.51%. . A constituent of many essential oils; present in thuja, etc. Equilibrium mixture contains 33% .alpha.-thujone and 67% .beta.-thujone: Eastman, Winn, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 82, 5908 (1960). .alpha.- and .beta.-Thujones differ only in the stereochemistry of the 4- methyl group. Conformation: Hach et al., Tetrahedron Letters 1970, 3175. Chemistry: J. P. Kutney et al., Bioorg. Chem. 7, 289 (1978); eidem, Can. J. Chem. 57, 3145 (1979); 58, 2641 (1980). Toxicity study: K. C. Rice, R. S. Wilson, J. Med. Chem. 19, 1054 (l976). Review: J. L. Simonsen, The Terpenes vol. II (University Press, Cambridge, 1949) pp 32-52.

Colorless or almost colorless liquid. uv max (isooctane): 300 nm (.epsilon. 23). Practically insol in water. Sol in alc and many other organic solvents. LD50 s.c. in mice: 134.2 mg/kg (Rice, Wilson).

Caution: Ingestion may cause convulsions.

l-Form, ..alpha.-thujone.. ..bp17 83.8-84.1 deg. d425 0.9109. nD15 1.4490. [.alpha.]D20 -19.2 deg. LD50 s.c. in mice: 87.5 mg/kg (Rice, Wilson).

d-Form, .d-isothujone., .beta.-thujone.. ..bp17 85.7-86.2 deg. d425 0.9135. nD25 1.4500. [.alpha.]D15 +72.5 deg. LD50 s.c. in mice: 442.2 mg/kg (Rice, Wilson).