CERN - Hadron Supercollider - "God Particle" - News - Discussion - Updates - Found July 4, 2012?

[Alpha]

For those interested...tonight's shoe on C2C AM:

Aug. 5 - 6, 2011 - Brian Cox, Hadron Collider - Friday Open Lines

[Alpha]

Search narrowed for Higgs: does it exist?


(Reuters) - CERN physicists have moved the focus of their search for the Higgs boson, the particle many think gave the universe form after the Big Bang 13.7 billion years ago, to a narrow band on the mass spectrum, a spokesman said on Wednesday.

And science bloggers close to the research center are suggesting it might be clear by mid-December that the boson is a chimera and some other mechanism to explain how matter changed to mass at the birth of the cosmos will have to be sought.


"The higher mass region has now been virtually ruled out, but the Higgs it could still be anywhere in the lower 114-141 GeV range," James Gillies of CERN, the 21-nation European Organization for Nuclear Research near Geneva, told Reuters.


Physicists such as Italian Tomasso Dorigo, who works with CERN, now say that - if it exists - the Higgs should be found at around 120 GeV (here),


while independent British researcher Philip Gibbs goes for 140 GeV on his site, vixra.org/.



GeV, or giga electron-volts, is a term used in physics to quantify particle energy fields. Searches for the Higgs in CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the now-closed Tevatron at the U.S. Fermilab have ranged up to 476 GeV.


Results from analysis up to the end of June in the LHC, which smashes together millions of particles per second at a tiny fraction under the speed of light, were presented at a conference in Paris last week.


But these slipped by almost unnoticed even by many specialists in the particle physics community which has been more focused recently on an Italian research centre's claim to have recorded neutrino particles moving faster than light.


The latest Higgs findings were compiled jointly by two usually competing LHC research teams, ATLAS and CMS, and Gillies said both were working hard to try to complete analysis of data from the collider gathered up to the start of November.
CERN COUNCIL


The 21-nation CERN's ruling Council meets from December 12 to December 16 and any concrete sign of the Higgs - whose existence was postulated four decades ago by British scientist Peter Higgs - would be reported during that session.


But CERN physicist and blogger Pauline Gagnon said on Wednesday that the low mass range, where scientists had always thought they would find the particle, was also the one where it would be more difficult to see.


The Higgs, she said, "is playing hard to catch." (here



The Higgs, she said, "is playing hard to catch." (here higgs-boson-search/)


"It might be that it does not even exist," she said, a possibility already raised by other researchers and by CERN chief Rolf Heuer.


This echoed comments by Columbia University mathematical physicist Peter Woit last weekend in his Higgs Non-News blog (www.math.columbia.edu/~woit/wordpress/?p=4161).


"It seems not impossible that the results available (publicly or not...) mid-December will come within striking distance of ruling out the Higgs (at 90 pct or 95 pct level) over the relevant low mass range," Woit wrote.


The particle is part of the 30-year-old Standard Model of particle physics that seeks to explain how the universe works at its most basic level, but it is almost the only element of the model whose existence had not yet been proven.


If it is not found, said Gagnon, "we need to move on to explore the next set of possibilities."


One suggestion came this week from a self-proclaimed non-scientist in a comment on the Quantum Diaries blog. "It will be in essence ethereal, kind of like a spirit being, existing for the purpose of holding everything together," he wrote.

Article

[Alpha]

Now this is interesting......UFO's at nuclear sites and now at CERN!!

Well, here you go...





UFOs Causing Problems at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC)

UFOs or ‘Unidentified Falling Objects’ have apparently been causing problems in the form of mysterious rapid beam dumps at the Large Hadron Collidor (LHC). It is not yet known definitely what is causing these UFOs and even exactly what they are. One as yet unproven hypothesis is that they are dust particles falling into the beam path and triggering a beam dump. Studies have shown they occur primarily at the injection points shortly after injection, often but not always creating problems before the LHC beams have become stable.

There had been over 5000 below threshold UFO events by June 2011, yet surprisingly, at that time their frequency was not increasing with further intensity advances. Possible sources of these hypothetical dust particles include distributed ion pumps, electrical discharges, movable devices and articles frozen or condensated at cold elements. Simulations suggest that these hypothetical dust particles are also positively ionized and repelled from the beam.

As a laywoman who is very interested in the recent reports of hypothetical superluminal neutrinos being produced by the LHC and measured by OPERA at Gran Sasso, I was quite fascinated to read a report about these UFOs at the LHC on viXra several months ago, which contained links to a powerpoint of a detailed June 2011 UFO report from the CERN LHC Beam Operating Committee.

In September 2011, another quite technical Powerpoint report from J. Wenninger at CERN’s LHC Beams Department Operation group, provided an update of the latest UFO research findings see http://jwenning.web.cern.ch/jwenning/documents/LHC/Talks/LHC.PAF.Sep11.ppt however, I was hoping that more layperson reader friendly scientific information, would have become more generally available on the Internet by now, so hopefully writing this blog will help to bring this about, in the meantime here is a quite detailed scientific paper describing the UFO's in the LHC.

LHC Operation Challenges

Wikipedia describes some of the huge Large Hadron Collider's ‘operational challenges’. :-

'The size of the LHC constitutes an exceptional engineering challenge with unique operational issues on account of the amount of energy stored in the magnets and the beams. While operating, the total energy stored in the magnets is 10 GJ (equivalent to 2.4 tons of TNT) and the total energy carried by the two beams reaches 724 MJ (173 kilograms of TNT).’‘Loss of only one ten-millionth part (10−7) of the beam is sufficient to quench a superconducting magnet, while the beam dump must absorb 362 MJ (87 kilograms of TNT) for each of the two beams. These energies are carried by very little matter: under nominal operating conditions (2,808 bunches per beam, 1.15×1011 protons per bunch), the beam pipes contain 1.0×10−9 gram of hydrogen, which, in standard conditions for temperature and pressure, would fill the volume of one grain of fine sand.’

The ViXra Log

The Vixra log website claims to provide news about science in general and also reports on large scientific experiments, plus articles on unusual episodes from the history of science and mathematics. Earlier this year in February 2011 this viXra log reported that :-

[I]‘The Large Hadron Collider’s cryogenic systems have now cooled down all the superconducting magnets to 1.9 degree Kelvin as required for this year’s physics runs. This means that the main accelerator ring is essentially ready for beam injection which is scheduled to start on 21st February.’‘The plan will be to bring the collider back to last years peak luminosity of 0.2/nb/s as quicky as possible so that the experiments can start to add significant data to what they have already collected. The bunch spacing used will be 75 ns instead of the 150 ns used before. With this closer packing it should be possible to circulate about 900 bunches in each beam to more than double the beam intensity. Further .....................

Full Article

[Alpha]

Could Higgs Particle be a Time-Traveling Assassin?


We've heard the story; a time traveler goes back in time, killing his grandfather. The upshot is that the time traveler ceases to exist. If the time traveler doesn't exist, how could he have traveled back in time to kill his grandfather?


This logical paradox is known as the "Grandfather Paradox," and although it makes for a great science fiction storyline -- or a seriously creepy Futurama "Grandma Paradox" adaptation -- it is a perplexing conundrum that has physicists scratching their heads.


If it is possible to travel back in time, wouldn't that cause a tangle in time? If, in the future, something is sent to a date in the past, shouldn't we already see it? How does the Universe prevent such paradoxes from occurring? If it doesn't, how can we exist at all?


ANALYSIS: Higgs is Still Hiding in Quantum Haystack


Enter the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), a particle accelerator that might (might!) become mankind's first time machine,* thereby helping us find out if we can kill our grandfathers in the past and still exist (or something like that).


"Time machine" is a very loose term in this case, as you couldn't actually use it to transport yourself through time (although there is a wormhole-LHC-time traveling theory that disagrees with this point), but the LHC might (might!) generate a type of Higgs particle that cuts through time like a hot knife through butter, and its decay particles appear in our universe before its own creation event.




This theory has been formulated by two Vanderbilt University theoretical physicists, Tom Weiler and Chui Man Ho. Stating the obvious, Weiler said that the theory "is a long shot," but it "doesn't violate any laws of physics."


We've heard about the devious nature of time-traveling Higgs particles before, but this time the Higgs isn't traveling back in time to sabotage the LHC, a second Higgs particle -- called the "Higgs singlet" -- might be generated at the same time as the creation of a "normal" Higgs boson.


ANALYSIS: God Hates the Higgs Boson



According to the physicists' calculations, the Higgs singlet may be able to travel in a fifth dimension (a dimension beyond our four-dimensional universe). But for this theory to hold true, our universe needs to abide by the laws of "M-theory," a theory that requires there to be 10 or 11 dimensions (basically an extension of string theory).


In M-theory, our Universe is only one of many universes that can be envisaged as layers of an onion skin, each layer being a different universe. The skin that represents our Universe is known as a "brane" and it is stacked atop other branes as part of the "bulk."


In the bulk, some forces, such as gravity, are predicted to permeate from one brane to the next. The details of M-theory are complex, and as yet unconfirmed, but the high-energy collisions inside the LHC may produce artifacts (such as short-lived micro-black holes) that reveal the presence of these predicted extra dimensions.


So, assuming M-theory describes the real nature of our Universe, how could we detect a Higgs singlet? If this particle only travels in a fifth dimension, time in our Universe isn't of consequence to that particle, so it could be created by the LHC in the fifth dimension, and when it decays, its "decay particles" (i.e. everyday particles that the Higgs singlet will create after it dies) will be detected at an arbitrary time.


This arbitrary time could be in the past, before the particle was even generated, or even in the future. Therefore, if physicists see particles spontaneously pop into existence before an LHC collision even occurs, that could be indicative of the Higgs singlet decay particles appearing in our universe. Simple!



SLIDE SHOW: Top 5 Time Travel Methods from the Movies



But what of the Grandfather Paradox? If a Higgs singlet can pop into existence before it is created, wouldn't that cause all kinds of kinks in the space-time continuum?


"One of the attractive things about this approach to time travel is that it avoids all the big paradoxes," Weiler said. "Because time travel is limited to these special particles, it is not possible for a man to travel back in time and murder one of his parents before he himself is born, for example. However, if scientists could control the production of Higgs singlets, they might be able to send messages to the past or future."


So, the upshot is that a person couldn't go back in time to kill his or her grandfather (because only Higgs singlets have time-traveling abilities). But, if an assassin could manipulate a signal consisting of time-traveling Higgs singlets, they could send a message to someone else to kill their (or someone else's) grandfather!


It may not be a violation of physics per se, but I wonder how the universe would react to the "Grandfather Paradox By Proxy"?


I, for one, wouldn't want to find out.

Article

[Alpha]

Long-Sought 'God Particle' Cornered, Scientists Say


Physicists are closer than ever to hunting down the elusive Higgs boson particle, the missing piece of the governing theory of the universe's tiniest building blocks.


Scientists at the world's largest particle accelerator, the Large Hadron Collider at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Geneva, Switzerland, announced today (Dec. 13) that they'd narrowed down the list of possible hiding spots for the Higgs, (also called the God particle) and even see some indications that they're hot on its trail.


"I think we are getting very close," said Vivek Sharma, a physicist at the University of California, San Diego, and the leader of the Higgs search at LHC's CMS experiment. "We may be getting the first tantalizing hints, but it's a whiff, it's a smell, it's not quite the whole thing."


Today's announcement was highly anticipated by both the physics community and the public, with speculation running rampant in the days leading up to it that the elusive particle may have finally been found. Though the news is not the final answer some were hoping for, the progress is a significant, exciting step, physicists say. [Top 5 Implications of Finding the Higgs Boson]


"It's something really extraordinary and I think we can be all proud of this," said CERN physicist Fabiola Gianotti, spokesperson for the LHC's ATLAS experiment, during a public seminar announcing the results today.


Experts outside the LHC collaborations agreed.


"These are really tough experiments, and it's just really impressive what they're doing," Harvard University theoretical physicist Lisa Randall told LiveScience.


Origin of mass



The Higgs boson is thought to be tied to a field (the Higgs field) that is responsible for giving all other particles their mass. Ironically, physicists don't have a specific prediction for the mass of the Higgs boson itself, so they must search a wide range of possible masses for signs of the particle.


Based on data collected at LHC's CMS and ATLAS experiments, researchers said they are now able to narrow down the Higgs' mass to a small range, and exclude a wide swath of possibilities.


"With the data from this year we've ruled out a lot of masses, and now we're just left with this tiny window, in this region that is probably the most interesting," said Jonas Strandberg, a researcher at CERN working on the ATLAS experiment................

Full Article

[maryals]

I'm reading these articles and thinking to myself...this is why I love Quantum Physics...it's just like magic

Mary and Baby christmasdogicon.gif

[Alpha]

Will they ever REALLY tell us either what they are looking for or what they find??

LHC reports discovery of its first new particle

By Jonathan Amos Science correspondent, BBC News

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) on the Franco-Swiss border has made its first clear observation of a new particle since opening in 2009.


It is called Chi_b (3P) and will help scientists understand better the forces that hold matter together.


The as-yet unpublished discovery is reported on the Arxiv pre-print server.


The LHC is exploring some of the fundamental questions in "big physics" by colliding proton particles together in a huge underground facility.
Detail in the sub-atomic wreckage from these impacts is expected to yield new information about the way the Universe is constructed.


The Chi_b (3P) is a more excited state of Chi particles already seen in previous collision experiments, explained Prof Roger Jones, who works on the Atlas detector at the LHC.


"The new particle is made up of a 'beauty quark' and a 'beauty anti-quark', which are then bound together," he told BBC News.


"People have thought this more excited state should exist for years but nobody has managed to see it until now.


"It's also interesting for what it tells us about the forces that hold the quark and the anti-quark together - the strong nuclear force. And that's the same force that holds, for instance, the atomic nucleus together with its protons and the neutrons."..............

Full Article

[Judee]

CERN to give update on search for Higgs boson

The European Organisation for Nuclear Research said Friday it may announce next month whether tests with its atom-smasher have found the elusive "God particle".

Full Story:
http://phys.org/news/2012-06-cern-higgs-boson.html

[Alpha]

Well they found it or they think that they have....

Higgs boson hunt over: CERN scientists at Large Hadron Collider find ‘God particle’

National Post Staff Jul 4, 2012



AP Photo/Denis Balibouse, Pool

Former CERN director general Christopher Llewelyn-Smith, standing left, Lyn Evans, scientific director, standing second left, Herwig Schopper, standing center, Luciano Maiani, standing second right, and Robert Aymard, standing right, wave after the presentation of results during a scientific seminar to deliver the latest update in the search for the Higgs boson at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Meyrin near Geneva, Switzerland. The head of the world's biggest atom smasher is claiming discovery of a new particle that he says is consistent with the long-sought Higgs boson known popularly as the "God particle" which is believed to give all matter in the universe size and shape.

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“I never expected this to happen in my lifetime and shall be asking my family to put some champagne in the fridge” — Peter Higgs, for whom the boson was named following his 1964 paper on the topic

Stereotypes of scientists as stern-faced and emotionless were tossed aside on Wednesday when physicists reacted with joy and tears to CERN’s announcement about the Higgs boson.

Higgs boson explanation from theoretical physicist John Ellis: Video

After a quest spanning nearly half a century, physicists said they had found a new sub-atomic particle consistent with the elusive Higgs which is believed to confer mass.

Rousing cheers and a standing ovation erupted at the European Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN) after scientists presented astonishing new data in their search for the mysterious particle.
Many hailed it as a moment in history, and white-haired veterans of the quest shed tears of joy.


AFP PHOTO / CERN

An undated handout graphic shows a representation with a zoom effect of traces of traces of a proton-proton collision measured in the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experience in the search for the Higgs boson.




The new find is “consistent with (the) long-sought Higgs boson,” CERN declared in a statement.

“We have reached a milestone in our understanding of nature,” said CERN Director General Rolf Heuer.

He and others cautioned, though, that further work was needed to identify what exactly had been found.

“As a layman I would say we have it, but as a scientist I have to say, ’what do we have?’” Heuer told a press conference.

“We have discovered a boson, and now we have to determine what kind of boson it is.”


AP Photo/Denis Balibouse, Pool

British physicist Peter Higgs arrives for a scientific seminar to deliver the latest update in the search for the Higgs boson at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Meyrin near Geneva, Switzerland.




Peter Higgs, a shy, soft-spoken British physicist who in 1964 published the conceptual groundwork for the particle and whose name became associated with it, expressed delight.

“I never expected this to happen in my lifetime and shall be asking my family to put some champagne in the fridge,” the 83-year-old said in a statement.

Higgs sat next to Belgian physicist Francois Englert, 79, who separately contributed to the theory.

Related

• Finding that G.D. particle: What is the Higgs boson and how do you detect it?
• Higgs boson announcement: How it unfolded

“I just want to say that my thoughts go to Robert Brout,” said Englert, his eyes moist with tears, as he lauded a fellow pioneer who died in 2011 before the once-outlandish theory could be proved.
Finding the Higgs would validate the Standard Model, a theory which identifies the building blocks for matter and the particles that convey fundamental forces.


AP Photo/Denis Balibouse, Pool

Rolf Heuer, CERN Director General, second right, Fabiola Gianotti, ATLAS experiment spokesperson, left, and Joe Incandela, CMS experiment look at a screen during a scientific seminar to deliver the latest update in the search for the Higgs boson at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Meyrin near Geneva, Switzerland.




It is a hugely successful theory but has several gaps, the biggest of which is why some particles have mass but others do not.

Mooted by Higgs and several others, the boson is believed to exist in a treacly, invisible, ubiquitous field created by the Big Bang some 13.7 billion years ago.

When some particles encounter the Higgs, they slow down and acquire mass, according to the theory. Others, such as particles of light, encounter no obstacle.

CERN uses a giant underground laboratory where protons are smashed together at nearly the speed of light, yielding sub-atomic debris that is then scrutinised for signs of the fleeting Higgs.

The task is arduous because there are trillions of signals, occurring among particles at different ranges of mass. The Higgs has been dubbed the “God particle” because it is powerful and ubiquitous yet so hard to find.

Over the years, tens of thousands of physicists and billions of dollars have been thrown into the search, gradually narrowing down the mass range where it might exist.

Two CERN laboratories, working independently of each other to avoid bias, found the new particle in the mass region of around 125-126 Gigaelectronvolts (GeV), according to data they presented on Wednesday.


AFP PHOTO / CERN

An undated handout graphic shows a representation of traces of traces of a proton-proton collision measured in the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experience in the search for the Higgs boson.




Both said that the results were “five sigma,” meaning there was just a 0.00006 percent chance that what the two laboratories found is a mathematical quirk.

“The results are preliminary but the five sigma signal at around 125 GeV we’re seeing is dramatic,” said Joe Incandela, spokesman for one of the two experiments.

“This is indeed a new particle. We know it must be a boson and it’s the heaviest boson ever found. The implications are very significant and it is precisely for this reason that we must be extremely diligent in all of our studies and cross-checks.”

At a particle-physics conference in Melbourne, Australia, a participant said there was a “jaw-dropping” moment when the scientists reacted to the announcement.


AP Photo/Denis Balibouse, Pool

British physicist Peter Higgs arrives for a scientific seminar to deliver the latest update in the search for the Higgs boson at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Meyrin near Geneva, Switzerland.




History was then feted with beer and champagne.

Scientists began to pore over what the find could mean.

“(The Higgs) has been anticipated for more than four decades and were it not there theorists all over the world would have been back to their drawing boards in desperation,” said Anthony Thomas at the University of Adelaide in Australia.

CERN physicist Yves Sirois agreed.

“This could the Higgs boson that has been found, which may shed light on how matter came into being at the very start of the Universe, a thousandth of a billionth of a second after the Big Bang,” he told AFP.

“It may be the Higgs boson, but it may also be something far bigger, which opens the door towards a new theory that goes beyond the Standard Model.”


AP Photo/Keystone/Martial Trezzini, File

FILE - In this March 22, 2007 file picture, the magnet core of the world's largest superconducting solenoid magnet (CMS, Compact Muon Solenoid), one of the experiments preparing to take data at European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)'s Large Hadron Collider (LHC) particle accelerator is seen, near Genva, Switzerland.




What is the Higgs boson?

The Higgs boson cannot be seen but scientists believe it exists. Why? Because scientists also believe that something called the Higgs field exists and the Higgs boson is part of that field.
Hmmm, so what’s the Higgs field?

The Higgs field is everywhere in space, or so scientists believe. Think of the Higgs field as oil and everything that passes through it is slowed down. Higgs bosons “stick” to particles of matter, dragging on them — they give them mass.
If the Higgs boson can’t be seen, how do you detect it?

You spend $4.4-billion building a 27-kilometre underground tunnel that provides work for about 10,000 scientists and engineers. You then send protons whizzing around the tunnel at about the speed of light until they crash into each other. It is at this point — where man has created conditions similar to those at the birth of the universe — that a glimpse of the Higgs boson may be seen. But scientists will have to be quick because the Higgs boson is believed to decay almost instantly after it interacts with other particles.


AP Photo/Keystone/Martial Trezzini

Belgian physicist Francois Englert, left, and British physicist Peter Higgs answers journalist's question about the scientific seminar to deliver the latest update in the search for the Higgs boson at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Meyrin near Geneva, Switzerland.




Why is it important?

The origin of mass (meaning the resistance of an object to being moved) has been fiercely debated for decades. Finding the Higgs boson would vindicate the so-called Standard Model of physics, a theory that developed in the early 1970s, which says the Universe is made from 12 particles that provide the building blocks for all matter.

How sure are they?

If physicists say they’ve found the Higgs boson then they probably have. In scientific parlance, the goal is “five sigma,” meaning it is 99.99997% likely to be genuine. But experts are already being cautious. Last week, CERN boss Rolf Heuer cautioned about the need for verification: “It’s a bit like spotting a familiar face from afar. Sometimes you need closer inspection to find out whether it’s really your best friend, or your best friend’s twin.”

And why is it called the “God particle”?

Like God, it is everywhere but hard to find, goes the quip. In fact, the origin of the name is rather less poetic. It comes from the title of a book by Nobel physicist Leon Lederman whose draft title was “The Goddamn Particle,” to describe the frustrations of trying to nail the Higgs. The title was cut back to The God Particle by his publisher, apparently fearful that “Goddamn” could be offensive.


AP Photo/Keystone/Martial Trezzini, File

FILE - In this May 31, 2007 file photo, a view of the LHC (large hadron collider) in its tunnel at CERN (European particle physics laboratory) is photographed, near Geneva, Switzerland.




Will this change my life?

Not in the slightest. If the Higgs boson exists it means that some very clever physicists 50 years ago came up with a theory and now they have been proved right. If it exists then it will add to the sum of human knowledge.

It sounds rather boring, doesn’t it?

WHAT!! On Twitter, a conversational thread called “Higgsteria,” has already been established. “Whether or not the Higgs has been found, tomorrow will be exciting,” said Prof. Peter Knight, president of Britain’s Institute of Physics. “If the Standard Model is confirmed via the discovery of the Higgs boson or whether we need to abandon and start re-writing the textbooks, it’s a historical day in science that we should all be proud of.” So that’s all very exciting.





Article

[Project]

So, was it worth the money?

[Alpha]

So, was it worth the money?

Not if they never look at/consider this:

The Higgs boson ‘God Particle’ discovery explained in the context of conscious cosmology

[Alpha]

The "God Particle" And Mans Desire For Divinity





On July 4th 2012 world leading physicists announced the discovery of a new particle believed to be the elusive "Higgs boson" or "God particle". Since the beginning of humanity mankind has had the desire to evolve into gods. Today humanity continues to pursue these desires while at the same time rejecting the notion that they themselves were created by an intelligent creator.

Related:

Worlds First Genetically Modified Human Babies Born!

[Judee]

Experiment confirms existence of odd particle
December 4th, 2012 in Physics / General Physics


Scientists working on the CMS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider have confirmed the existence of an odd, puzzling particle first observed a few years ago at DOE's Tevatron particle collider. Members of the CMS collaboration announced on Nov. 14 that they had spotted the curious object, dubbed Y(4140), which scientists had discovered at the CDF experiment at Fermilab.

The particle has a mass of 4.1 billion electronvolts (GeV) and seems to be related to a handful of X and Y particles previously found at other laboratories. These particles are well measured but poorly understood. They don't fit the common pattern in which quarks and antiquarks bind together to form protons, neutrons, pions and other particles.

Some theorists think that X and Y particles resemble molecular structures. Perhaps they are made of two quark-antiquark pairs bound together for a short period of time. Or they could be something completely different.

With additional data, CMS scientists hope to understand the exact composition of the Y(4140) and get to the bottom of this mystery.

Provided by US Department of Energy

http://phys.org/news/2012-12-odd-particle.html#nwlt